特朗普对 TikTok 态度逆转：背后的利益博弈与政治考量

 特朗普对 TikTok 的态度发生了 180 度大转弯，从四年前的坚决禁止转变为如今的反对禁令并寻求政治解决，这一戏剧性转变背后涉及诸多因素，引发广泛关注。

早期禁止立场及原因


2020 年，特朗普政府以国家安全为由，对 TikTok 采取严厉措施。当时特朗普对中国处理新冠疫情不满，进而将矛头指向 TikTok，认为其大量数据采集可能让中国获取美国人信息，存在追踪、勒索及商业间谍等风险，危及美国安全与言论自由。2020 年 8 月，特朗普发布行政命令，要求字节跳动放弃在美国的利益，否则将面临制裁，随后批准甲骨文和沃尔玛收购 TikTok 大量股份，但该交易在过渡期间搁置，且特朗普禁止 TikTok 的努力被联邦法官阻止，拜登 2021 年撤销了特朗普的禁令。

态度转变过程及原因


  1. 2024 年竞选期间立场改变：2024 年 3 月，特朗普突然谴责国会推动的禁止 TikTok 法案，此时他会见了共和党超级捐赠者杰夫・亚斯，亚斯创立的公司及支持的游说团体参与了 TikTok 相关事务。特朗普称 TikTok 虽有国家安全威胁，但年轻人离不开它，反对 TikTok 禁令有利于 Facebook，且他在竞选期间利用 TikTok 吸引年轻选民，其小儿子巴伦也鼓励他依靠该平台。
  2. 近期提交简报进一步阐述立场：本周，特朗普向最高法院提交简报，反对在 1 月 19 日最后期限前禁止 TikTok，希望上任后通过政治手段解决问题。12 月 16 日，他在佛罗里达州度假胜地会见 TikTok 高管后，表示对 TikTok 有 “热情” 并会调查问题。他在简报中虽未表明对相关法律论据的立场，但强调第一修正案影响广泛，称政府审查开创危险先例，最高法院将于 1 月 10 日听取辩论。

各方反应及影响


特朗普的态度转变引发不同反应。民主党策略师杰夫・加林认为，特朗普的转变是受亿万富翁捐赠者影响及自身利益驱动，与许多共和党人对中国拥有 TikTok 的担忧相悖。共和党数字战略家埃里克・威尔逊表示，特朗普利用 TikTok 竞选的方式为共和党提供了范例。特朗普的立场转变使 TikTok 命运仍充满不确定性，其未来走向不仅取决于最高法院裁决，还受政治利益、商业考量等多种因素影响。

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